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ChapterFiveFiveTypesofEssays
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Aprocess(howto…)isaseriesofasleadiedorplae.Therearetwokindsofprocessessays:diredinformatioionalprocessessaysgivethereaderdirestofollow,suchashowtogetavisa.Thepurposeofthiskioclarifythestepsintheproceduresothatthereaderre-createtheprodachievetheresults.Informationalprocessessays,oherhaothereaderhowsomethingislishedorhowsomethingworksworked,suchashoacesatelliteislauhepurposeofthiskioinformthereaderaboutasubject,buthedoeshetaskinpersohefollowingmodelessaycarefullyaifywhetheritisadirealprocessessayoraninformationalprocessessay.
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HaveyoueverwoheanimalsyouseeonTVandiraioperformsugtriyoftheirtraieiquebasedoeagmethodsdevelopedbybehavioralpsychologistssuchasB.ESkinudiedteiquesfdesiredbehaviorsinanimals.AnimalsbetaughtmanysophisticatedtrigSkinner'steiques.Ifyouwanttoteachyourpettodoatriustuheteiquepsychologistscall“shaping”
.Shapingmeansreinfthehatyouwantte.Hereisholyhisteiquestyourpettodotricks.
Beginbymakingsomedes.Firstofall,youochooseyoursubjepiyhouseholdpet,suchasacat,parr.Suppose,forexample,thatyouwanttoteachytodoatriextthingtodoistochooseareward.Foodisusuallytheeasiestrewardtouse.Keepinmindthatinorderforfoodtobeaivereward,yhastobehungry.Don'ttrytoteaewtrickrightafterhehaseatenabigmeal.Also,arewardismosteffeitisgiveimethatthedogperformsthedesiredtriceyouwillnotalwaysbeabletogivethedogfoodasquicklyasyouwouldliketo,youwillodevelopa“edreinforcer”
.Youdothisbygthefoodwithsomethingelse,sugihiscase,thesoundthebellmakesistheedreinforcer.
Youareobeginiorespooutabout40smalldogbiscuits.Tossafewofthemt,oime,atarateofaboutowobiscuitsaminute.Assoonasthedogbegihebisgthebellahrowhima.Waitaboutthirtysedtheeps.Whenythebell,dohersou.Givethebislywhenthedogisstandingintheplacewherehegetshisfood.Whenyreachesthepoestothefoodplaeverythebell,youarereadytobeginteaghimthetrick.
Atthispoiochoosethetrittoteaeasytrickisteagytorollover.Shapethedog'sbehaviorbyreinfanythihebehavitoteabyreinfaoliedown.Thenreinforentofhisbodywhenheislyiimeyoureinforyofhisbehaviorsthatresemblesrollingover,immediatelygivehimabisdrihisway,hewillbegintoassociatethesouhthetriuereinfcloserapproximatioverwiththebisdthebell.Durieagsession,donottouchthedog,talktohim,orinanywaydistra,agtoSkinner,willlearrifiveminutes.
Asyousee,totraiodoatriatterofalittletimea.Onceyouhaveestablishedaedreinforcer,youeasilyteachyarickbyshapinghisbehavior.However,ifyouwanttoteachyariustelimibehaviorbynolongerreinfit.Eventually,hewillstoveraolearhingnew.
'sreadaprocessessaywrittenbyaesestudent.
HowtoSurviveinCollege
Peopleareusedtcollegesasparadiseiionowmas'tenjoyahappylifeinsuchagoode.Asmoreaskillthemselvesiionally,theproblemofittingsuicollegeshasattractedwidepublition.Anotherphehatmaherareexpelledfromcollegeorquittheirstudyforallkindsofreasons.Sohowtosurviveincollegehasbeeaquestionthatmashavetofamyopinion,ifastudentwantstosurviveincollege,heshouldfinishhisschoolwork,keephealthy,aarra.
&oppriorityforstudentstodoiolearntheircourseswell.Theschoolworkisuhemostfualandimportantforstudents.Thoughtherearemuchmoreotheractivitiesihaninprimarysiddlesasteryofkheirmission.Theyshouldneverbepepoundfoolish.Besidesthat,thesecourseshelplayasolidfoundatioure.Furthermore,whileone'smajoraydetermiuredacademicat,thecoursesbeyondhismajormakehimbeeawell-roundedperson.Ifastudentfailsohecourses,he'tgetthediploma,letalonefindagoodjob.So,tosurviveiudentshudies.
Inadditiontoschestudentsmuststayhealthyphysidmentally.OurlateleaderMaooncesaid,“Apersonwithoutagoodbodywillbeeareject.”
Duetothelackofself-dise,somestudentssmokeanddrinkalot;othersstayuphtssinging;stillotherssitatputersftimewithoutaslightmovemehephysiasaresufferialdiseases.Forexample,collegestudeedwithvariousstresses:academidpersonal.Tomakemattersworse,mostofthestudentsnowadaysone-childfamily.Thismakesthemhavelittlecapabilitydiffidsetbalywhehassoundphysidmehhesurviveintheuy.
Lastbut,collegestudentsshouldmakegoodplans.First,studentsshetheirfreetimereasonably.Iftheycetheirtimeprschoolwork,extracurricularactivitiesandpersoheyjoyacolorfullife;otherwise,theywillfeelasiftheyareinamuddledjumbleofevesshettheirmoheyshouldspendmohingsagtothefinancialsituationoftheirowherthahtheJonesesbliheirvasborrowmoheirclassmates,andothersevensteal.Asaresult,someofthemendupinprison.
Inshort,iosurviveisshouldpletetheirstudies,havegoodhealth,andmakegoodplans.Infact,collegeislikealargesmelteristudentsflourishandineswillperish.Thus,ascollegestudents,weshouldimproveourabilitiesandachievesuccesses.Asloainanoptimistidtrytovertpressuresintomotivation,besincollege.
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Towritearocessessay,youshouldfollowtheguidelinesbelow.
1.Stateyourstepsinalogidicalorder.Forexample:ersonasksyouhowtogettothelocalpostoffice,yourdiresshouldbegiveepuntilthewholepropleted.Donotomitanysteps,nomatterhowseeminglyinsignifit.Ifyouleaveoutanimportantstep(likeftotellthatpersourhtalongMai),orifyoudohestepsiorder,thenyourlisteendupatafashioeadofthelocalpostoffice.
2.Groupyourstepsis.Whenyoushowsomenfriendshowesejiaozi(dumplingswithvegetableafillings)aremade,youmayfindthatyouhavemorethaepsinyourprocess.However,youdonotneedonebraphtoexplaiead,youshaepsintoafewmassothatyouwilloomanybraphs.Here,thestepsofmakingjiaozibeperfectlygroupedinterunits,eachofwhiesabraph:
&heis
a.maketheerdoughfromflourand>
b.makethefilliable,meat,etc.)
c.rolloutthejiaozierswitharollingstick
d.placethefillingsintotheersandfold
Bookthejiaozi
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